Using micro-data concerning “China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study” in 2011 and 2013 and taking the Chinese elderly population aged 60 and over as the research sample, the paper employs Erreygers index to measure the health inequality among the elderly in China. Variations in Erreygers index are further decomposed into income-growth-effect, income-distribution-effect, income -mobility-effect and population-aging-effect. The results show that there are pro-rich health inequalities in the elderly population in China, but health inequality has a decreasing trend. The income-distribution-effect and income -mobility-effect play a similar role in the reduction of health inequality, each accounting for about one third. However, the population-aging-effect is extremely weak. Overall, women，s health inequality is greater than men，s, while men of the same age group have greater health inequality than women.