Using panel data of 20 industries in China’s inter-provincial manufacturing industry from 2006 to 2016 and spatial econometric models，this paper explores which types of industrial agglomeration under different“proximity” matrices are more conducive to improving energy efficiency. The results show that under the four“proximity”weight matrix（geographical location，geographic distance，economic distance and nested weight），China’s inter-provincial energy efficiency shows a significant positive spatial correlation，and the specialization of manufacturing industry in China is more conducive to improving energy efficiency than diversification. Different types of industrial agglomeration in manufacturing industries in the eastern，central and western regions have different effects on energy efficiency. Industrial diversification in the eastern，central and western regions has a significant role in promoting energy efficiency. However，industrial specialization in the eastern region inhibits the improvement of energy efficiency，that is，the spillover of the same industry will have an inhibitory effect on the improvement of energy efficiency，while industrial specialization in the central and western regions plays a much greater role than industrial diversification.