Based on the CES production, this paper constructs a model of relative labor income share and biased technological progress, and using the national time series data and provincial panel data to estimate the biased technological progress and investigate the impact of different types of technological progress on relative labor income share. Research findings are as follows: China’s technological progress generally shows the capital biased characteristics, but the biasing of technological progress varies between different types of such progress; independent innovation and technology import are capital biased while the technology imitation re innovation is labor biased; the contribution of different types of technological progress to income distribution is significantly different and phased: independent innovation and technology import improves the relative capital income share, the technology introduction re innovation improves the relative labor income share; the income distribution effect of independent innovation is more significant, while the technology import and imitation re innovation has gradually weakened.