Taking China’s A-share non-financial listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2010 to 2022 as the research object, based on the immunisation hypothesis, we empirically test whether economic policy uncertainty exacerbates the phenomenon of corporate investment and financing maturity mismatch, and the mechanism behind the role. The results show that economic policy uncertainty enhances financing constraints and aggravates corporate investment and financing term mismatch. However, regional social trust plays a negative regulatory role, and the higher social trust, the weaker the adverse impact of economic policy uncertainty on the mismatch of investment and financing terms for enterprises. Further discussion reveals that economic policy uncertainty has a differentiated impact on the investment and financing maturity mismatch of enterprises with different property rights, size and growth. In the future, in order to effectively solve the enterprise investment and financing maturity mismatch phenomenon under economic policy uncertainty, it is necessary not only to stabilize the external business environment and improve the financial system, but also to enhance the trust of the regional society.