As China is vast in territory, the economic development in different regions is uneven. It is necessary to encourage the precedence to lead the backward in order to coordinate the attainment of the synchronization in all regions and to plan regional economic development as a whole. Namely, it is essential to find out shortcomings in backward regions, learn successful experience from the leading regions, and finally achieve the common goal of the synchronization. Taking Hunan as the representative of the Central China and Shanghai and Guangdong as the representative of the Eastern China, this paper makes an comparative analysis on the evolvement characteristics and influencing factors in the process of the synchronous growth of GDP and resident income in three regions from 2003 to 2012, with the purpose of taking the development experiences of the East as a reference. On the basis of this, the restraining factors in the implementation process of the synchronization target in the Central China which is represented by Hunan province has been explored and some corresponding policy recommendations have been put forward.