China ancient college stretches for thousands of years, and foreign college system also has long history of several hundred years. However, modern universities, especially Chinese universities which implement college system is scanty. This paper, on the basis of combing the ancient college education, student management and talent cultivation mode of modern college system in China, Europe and the United States, makes an analysis on the new problems caused by modern college system, including the relationships between colleges and academies, teaching management departments and colleges, student management departments and colleges, Youth League Committee and colleges. Accordingly, a reform route is put forward that the mode of modern college system is the matrix student management plus interchange talent cultivation, which is one of the paths to explore the reform of higher education personnel training.