Based on the inter-provincial panel data from 2000 to 2017，this paper introduces the factor of population aging into the convergence model of economic growth，and uses the SYS-GMM method to analyze the impact of aging on the inter-regional and intra-regional economic growth gap in China.The results show that the aging of population has narrowed the gap in economic growth between regions and has an inverted U-shaped relationship with economic growth.The sub-regional study further illustrates that in the eastern region where the level of aging has crossed the inflection point，the effect of the aging on economic growth is negative，but the effect on the regional economic growth gap is small. In the central and western regions where the level of aging has not crossed the inflection point，the total effect of aging on economic growth is positive and has narrowed the economic growth gap within its area. In the future，with the rapid development of the aging in the central and western regions，its negative impact on economic growth will be inevitable，which may lead to the further expansion of the inter-regional economic growth gap in China.