China has been continuously relaxing the control of private hospitals entering the medical service market, trying to introduce social capital to improve the current medical service market competition and break the complete monopoly pattern of public hospitals.More and more attention has been paid to whether the development of private hospitals can effectively reduce the personal medical burden. By dividing the development of private hospitals into two levels: quantity and service quality, and using the provincial panel data from 2010 to 2017,this paper empirically tests the impact of the development of private hospitals on the personal medical burden. It is found that the increase in the number of private hospitals and the improvement of service quality can significantly reduce the medical burden of individuals.Further research using the panel threshold model shows that the development of private hospitals has a single threshold effect on the impact of personal medical burden. When the population aging is higher than the threshold value, the development of private hospitals will be more conducive to the reduction of personal medical burden.