In this paper, the distorted (mismatched) allocation of human capital among ownership enterprises is considered as two aspects of technology allocation distortion and scale allocation distortion. Based on the relevant data of China's industrial enterprise database from 1998 to 2013, this paper discusses the endogenous mechanism of mixed ownership reform of state-owned enterprises affecting the distortion of human capital allocation.The results show that the mixed ownership reform encourages non-state-owned capital to participate in the production decision-making of state-owned enterprises by means of equity participation, holdings, and M&A, which helps to improve the corporate governance structure and profit distribution mechanism of state-owned enterprises, and can further alleviate the technology allocation distortion and scale allocation distortion of human capital. Compared with non-administrative monopoly industries, mixed ownership reforms in administrative monopoly industries have a smaller effect on alleviating the distortion of human capital allocation.