The improvement of the level of economic development and the adjustment of the population birth policy will affect the residents’ willingness to consume and the consumption structure through the change of the population structure. Based on the classic theory of consumer demand, this article uses the data from the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS) in 2014 and 2018 to test the implementation of the “comprehensive two-child” policy through the double difference method (DID) and the propensity score matching-double difference method (PSM-DID) to see whether the household consumption tendency and its consumption structure have changed significantly before and after the policy. The study finds that, on the one hand, the “comprehensive two-child”policy did not significantly increase or inhibit household consumption propensity. On the other hand, policy adjustments have promoted the upgrading of household consumption structure, especially in promoting the upgrading of urban household consumption. Among them, the proportion of subsistence consumption has declined while the proportion of development consumption has increased.