Based on the 137 audit results of SOEs revealed by China National Audit Office and the data of A-share listed companies on the financial revenues and expenditures of state-owned enterprises, we apply the Propensity Score Method（PSM）and Difference-in-Difference（DID） research model to empirically test the impact of national audit on the deviation of sustainable growth of SOEs. The results show that:（1）national audit can restrain the deviation degree of sustainable growth of SOEs;（2）the above effects only exist when the degree of deviation from sustainable growth is large.（3）The above effects exist in both positive and negative deviations of real growth rate, and are stronger in the first audit.（4）The mechanism of the above effects is to alleviate the agency problem. The conclusion supports the positive role of national audit in promoting the sustainable growth of SOEs and provides reference for preventing and resolving the financial risks of SOEs and optimizing the micro-governance mechanism of national audit.