The present study follows the logic of “strategy-capability-performance”in combination with strategic entrepreneurship theory and organizational improvisation theory to explore the relationships between entrepreneurial orientation, improvisational capability and international entrepreneurial performance. The empirical result of a survey of 129 international new ventures demonstrates that: First, three dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation have significant effects on the international entrepreneurial performance. Second, improvisational capability partially mediates the relationship between innovativeness and the international entrepreneurial performance, as well as mediates proactiveness and the international entrepreneurial performance, but it fails to find its mediating role in the effect of risk-taking on the international entrepreneurial performance.