The A-share state-owned listed companies from 2008 to 2020 are selected as the research sample to empirically test the corporate governance effect of government audit informatization from the perspective of earnings management of state-owned enterprises. The results show that the advancement of government audit informatization has noticeably reduced the occurrence of real earnings management in state-owned enterprises, but has no significant impact on the accrual earnings management of state-owned enterprises. The intermediary mechanism test shows that government audit informatization can inhibit the real earnings management of state-owned enterprises by exerting governance effect and resource effect. Heterogeneity test shows that the inhibitory effect of advancement of government audit informatization on real earnings management of state-owned enterprises is more significant in enterprises with high ownership concentration and high digital transformation degree. The extended analysis finds that media attention can significantly strengthen the inhibitory effect of government audit informatization on the real earnings management of state-owned enterprises, while the short-sightedness of management will reduce the inhibitory effect of government audit informatization on the real earnings management of state-owned enterprises. The conclusion can provide useful reference for audit institutions to comprehensively improve their supervisory ability to state-owned enterprises by means of information construction opportunity and thus to reduce the opportunism motivation of state-owned enterprise management.