Against the backdrop of intertwined technological change and environmental uncertainty, resilience has become a core capability for measuring a company’s crisis response and sustainable development. This paper takes listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares from 2010 to 2023 as a sample, constructs indicators for measuring human-machine collaboration and corporate resilience, and empirically analyzes the impact of human-machine collaboration on corporate resilience and its mechanism of action. The study finds that human-machine collaboration significantly enhances a company’s resistance and recovery capabilities when facing external shocks.Mechanism tests show that human-machine collaboration can enhance enterprise resilience by reducing agency costs and financing constraints, reducing investment deviation degree and reducing excess employees.Heterogeneity analysis shows that this effect is more pronounced in companies with higher robot penetration rates, lower competitive levels in their industries, and those not located in national big data experimental areas. This paper enriches the theoretical connotations of research on human-machine collaboration and corporate resilience, and provides new ideas for companies to enhance their resilience levels through technology embedding in an uncertain environment.