The Belt and Road Initiative is an attempt made by Chinese Government in the new era. India is especially important for the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative as it is the largest country in South Asia. Under this background, this paper examines the characteristics and patterns of trade between China and India by calculating RCA, trade intensity index, complementarity index using the relative trade data from 2002 to 2014. The results show that China has gained the comparative advantage in labor-intensive manufacturing industries as well as machinery and transport equipment while India the comparative advantage in agricultural products, mineral resources, pharmaceutical chemicals, light industrial products. Therefore, it is more complementary than competitive in the trade structure between China and India. Consequently, the trade volume between China and India is expected to increase dramatically along with the implementation of “Belt and Road Initiative”.