The strong sustainable development theory has been introduced in this paper, we make an attempt to build a new evaluation system to conduct a comprehensive analysis to ecological civilization in 1997—2012 by means of the improved deviation maximization method. At the same time, we summarize the evolution law and cite the Theil Index to explore the reasons of the regional differences. Studies have shown that the overall level of Chinese ecological civilization is steadily improving, the highest overall level of ecological civilization is the East, the West is the next, but the Northeast and Central is the lowest; the Theil Index of Chinas ecological civilization showed a continuous upward trend, indicating that Chinas ecological level in different regions has been expanded while the inter regional differences are mainly the contributing factors for these differences.