At present, there are great differences existing in the content and the stress of the accountability audit of natural resources assets, especially in the theory and practice fields. Considering the existing research, the study about the basic elements is not sufficient. The paper makes a survey of scholars related research in the field in question, and then clarifies the basic meaning and elements. At last, we makes an analysis of such seven elements as the basic content from the audit subject, audit responsibility, intended users, audit object, audit standards, audit evidence and audit results on accountability audit of natural resources assets in order to better guide audit practice.