Based on China’s Industrial provinces-Industry data from 1999 to 2015, the paper uses a two-way fixed-effects model to examine whether human capital can contribute to the convergence of regional labor productivity. The empirical study finds that the level of human capital accelerates the convergence of regional labor productivity. The differences of distribution of different human capital have different effects on the growth of labor productivity in different regions. in the more educated coastal areas, the effect of high school, tertiary and above population on the growth of labor productivity is significantly positive. For the Northeast and Central China, the level of human capital in junior middle schools has a greater effect on the labor productivity growth than the high-level population. For the western region the three levels of human capital have played a significant role in the growth of industrial productivity. Based on the above conclusions, we believe that the government should implement a differentiated strategy to enhance the competitiveness of human capital to narrow the gap in economic development in different regions.