Rural revitalization strategy and environmental protection are the focus of current economic work.With the deepening of economic globalization and"Belt and Road"strategy，the international movement of production factors is becoming more and more frequent.However，existing economic research rarely links them together.Rural revitalization is an important national development strategy，and its cornerstone is to realize and develop agricultural modernization.It’s vital to analyze the international factors movement and coordinate the coexistence of small farm households and modern agriculture.This paper constructs a three-sector general equilibrium model and studies the environmental effects of the international factors movement under the strategy of rural revitalization.The main conclusions are as follows:at the beginning of modern agriculture，international labor inflow harmed the environment of developing countries，whereas the outflow improved the environment;since the popularization of modern agriculture，the capital inflow has improved the environment，whereas outflow harmed the environment.