This paper introduces government subsidies to establish a heterogeneous enterprise theoretical model of enterprise exports and energy consumption, and discusses whether export enterprises can have lower energy consumption levels in the presence of government subsidies. The study finds that export enterprises are more inclined to adopt energy saving technologies, and thus have lower energy consumption levels. However, the existence of government subsidies may weaken the transmission mechanism of “enterprise export→adoption of energy saving technologies→lower energy consumption”. Based on the comprehensive energy consumption data of manufacturing enterprises published by Sichuan provincial government of China, this paper uses propensity score matching method(PSM)and mediation effect model to identify the relationship between enterprise export, government subsidies and enterprise energy consumption intensity. The empirical results show that in the absence of government subsidies, export enterprises have lower energy intensity than non export enterprises. However, in the presence of government subsidies, the difference of energy intensity between export and non export enterprises is no longer significant. Further research also finds that the choice of subsidy objects and the level of subsidy intensity will also have a significant impact on the energy intensity of export enterprises.