Promoting the development of emergency industrial agglomeration and increasing emergency financial expenditure are an important means to deal with emergencies and ensure the smooth operation of economy. It is of great significance to reveal the mechanism of the impact of emergency industry agglomeration and emergency financial expenditure on economic growth, which is helpful to the healthy development of emergency industry, adjustment and upgrading of industrial structure and exploration of new economic growth points. This paper takes only 29 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in China from 2008 to 2017 as research samples, and uses the location entropy method to measure the concentration of emergency industries. Constructing a fixed effect model, we empirically analyze the impact of emergency industry agglomeration and emergency fiscal expenditure on economic growth from the overall and partial perspectives, and finally we put forward policy recommendations to promote the healthy development of my country’s emergency industry. The results show that the agglomeration of emergency industry and the expenditure of emergency finance play a significant positive role in economic growth, and the higher the concentration level or the more financial expenditure, the stronger the promotion effect.