Finance is the foundation and important pillar of national governance.As a reflection and understanding of fiscal practice,fiscal thinking is a set of theoretical systems that guide finance to achieve national governance and build a fiscal system.Based on the analysis paradigm of historical institutionalism, combing the course of evolution of the Communist Party of China's Financial Thought development, it can be divided into the following four stages: selection and start-up, exploration and differentiation, adjustment and reconstruction, strengthening and improvement.From the perspective of the path dependence of the system's continuation, the Party's fiscal thinking shows the path dependence of firmly defending the people's livelihood, maintaining fiscal development and balance of income and expenditure, exerting concentrated fiscal power to do major tasks and stimulating fiscal vitality. From the point of view of the key points of system changes, the “State Distribution Theory”,“Social Public Needs Theory”,“Public Finance Theory” and “State Governance Theory” have profoundly influenced the evolution of the Chinese Communist Party's fiscal thinking over the past century.