Digital inclusive finance is an important measure in the development of China's financial industry. It is of great significance to study the influence and path of digital inclusive finance on the high-quality development of agricultural economy. First, we set up the agricultural production technology innovation, coordinated urban and rural income, economic sustainable development of agriculture and agricultural market opening wider to the outside and agricultural development achievements as a shared high quality agricultural economy development goal. Second, we use the digital inclusive financing convenience, the financing cost and financing risk in financial and financial literacy as a leading influence factor of farmers. This paper analyzes the role of digital inclusive finance in rural economic development and investigates how rural digital inclusive finance affects the five-dimension goal of high-quality development of agricultural economy to promote the realization of high-quality development of agricultural economy. The results show that the increasing convenience of rural digital inclusive finance and the reduction of financing cost and risk can promote the development of rural digital inclusive finance, and the improvement of farmers' financial literacy, which is also conducive to the further promotion of rural digital inclusive finance. The expanded use of rural digital inclusive finance can achieve high-quality development of agricultural economy through enhancing technological innovation of agricultural production, expanding the opening of agricultural market, sharing of agricultural development achievements, and sustainable development of agricultural economy and coordination of urban and rural income. Finally, taking the development status of agricultural digital inclusive finance in Heilongjiang Province as an example, this paper analyzes the development mode and main problems of agricultural digital inclusive finance in China, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for agricultural digital inclusive finance to promote high-quality development of agricultural economy.