This paper selects 10, 763 non state owned listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen A shares from 2016 to 2020 as research samples, to explore how state owned shareholders participation affects non state owned enterprises participation in rural revitalization behavior. The results show that: firstly, state owned shareholders participation can significantly improve non state owned enterprises willingness to participate in rural revitalization behavior. And the higher the shareholding ratio of state owned shareholders is, the more significant this effect will be. Secondly, in terms of mechanism, the introduction of state owned shareholders is a way for non state owned enterprises to establish political connections. After their equity participation, they can improve the institutional discrimination status of non state owned enterprises by bringing more policy resources (such as government subsidies and debt resources) to non state owned enterprises. In return, non state owned enterprises will volunteer to take on more rural revitalization behavior obligations. Thirdly, further, when non state owned enterprises have poor performance, smaller scale and no political connection, their willingness to take the initiative to introduce state owned shareholders is relatively stronger, the effect of enhancing non state owned enterprises’ willingness to participate in rural revitalization behavior will be more significant after state owned shareholders participation. When the degree of financing constraint of non state owned enterprises is higher, the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate in the rural revitalization behavior will be higher after state owned shareholders’ participation. Fourthly, in terms of economic results, participation of poverty alleviation can considerably improve the market performance of private enterprises.