Against the backdrop of global sustainable development and China’s efforts to advance Chinese modernization through high-quality development, the traditional business administration paradigm centered on efficiency and growth is facing increasingly salient tensions between its single-objective structure and the plural development goals embodied in the national sustainable development strategy. Building on a systematic review of conventional business administration and sustainable management theories, and proceeding from a knowledgesystem perspective, this study develops a four-dimensional analytical framework of “national strategy-disciplinary paradigm-knowledge productiontalent cultivation” to examine the contemporary imperatives and constructive pathways for developing indigenous business administration scholarship from the perspective of sustainable development. The study argues that, at the national-strategy level, indigenous business administration needs to reinforce its disciplinary positioning in serving highquality development; at the disciplinaryparadigm level, it should shift from a single-objective paradigm of “efficiency-growth” to a composite logic oriented toward “sustainabilityhigh-quality development” that reconstructs the very meaning of efficiency; at the level of knowledge production, it should promote problemdriven inquiry, local embeddedness, and interdisciplinary collaboration; and at the level of talent cultivation, it should move from training functionoriented managers to cultivating governance-oriented management talent for sustainability. Accordingly, this paper proposes pathways such as aligning disciplinary planning with national strategic institutions, optimizing sustainability-oriented research evaluation mechanisms, and coordinating reforms of curriculum systems and practice platforms, with the aim of providing, for the indigenization and sustainabilityoriented transformation of business administration in the new era, a theoretical framework and institutional reference centered on the reconstruction of its knowledge system.