With the deepening of capital market internationalization, cross-border audit oversight and countryspecific audit institutional arrangements have become increasingly important. The focus of China-U.S. cross-border audit regulation has shifted from disputes over audit working-paper access to deeper institutional divergences concerning data sovereignty, security, and regulatory philosophy. These developments exert broad influences on audit firm governance, auditor behavior, corporate decision-making, and governmental regulation, thereby underscoring the need for institutional innovation and two-way regulatory engagement to promote collaborative governance. Given the substantial differences across countries in audit institutional logics, audit models, and regulatory practices, research on regional and country-specific auditing is critical for building joint audit-oversight capacity and facilitating the global expansion of Chinese firms and Chinese capital. Advancing research on the key issues underlying China-U.S. cross-border audit oversight and regional audit systems is essential for developing a Chinese audit knowledge system, enhancing international regulatory cooperation, and contributing to the improvement of global audit-governance mechanisms.