Leveraging the unique role of auditing in advancing the Party's self-reform serves as the foundation for providing robust and effective audit oversight to support the overall work of the Party and the state. Based on the theoretical premise of the Party's self-reform under China's new party system, this article draws on the distinctive logic of party governance in China to construct an analytical framework for understanding how state auditing drives self-reform. Starting from the essential nature of a Marxist party, it reveals the uniqueness of self-reform rooted in the subjectivity shaped by the Party's nature, guiding principles, and mission, elucidating the internal logic of state auditing in responding to this triad of self-awareness: serving identity self-awareness through power constraints by transforming“power for the people”into procedural oversight; serving cognitive self-awareness through research-oriented auditing to provide evidence-based support for the Party's grasp of governance laws; and safeguarding value self-awareness through information penetration and supervision accountability to ensure the firm implementation of reform wills. These three dimensions collectively form the complete logic of state auditing in driving self-reform. Accordingly, practical pathways are proposed, including deepening whole-process power oversight, expanding the depth of research-oriented auditing, and strengthening information penetration with supervision and rectification implementation.