Regional patterns of technological specialization represent competitive advantages and development foreground. Choosing the right technology is the important topic in innovation-driven strategy. in order to study the effects of technological specialization on economic growth, based on Chinese granted patent data, this paper built Indicators to measure two different kinds of specialization. By using the spatial econometric model contained an interaction item and mediating effect model, we investigated the mechanism and spillover effects of different types of technological specialization on growth, to provide some tentative suggestions for different regions about choice of priority areas in technology innovation. Result shows that, the effect of technological specialization on growth would be affected by innovation ability. On a certain level of innovation ability, specialized in the technical field related to competitive Industries may produce negative effects though it has positive effects when innovation ability is low; but specialization in the field with high technological opportunity has better effects on promoting economic growth. So regions on different stages of innovation process should choose different patterns of technological specialization. in addition, specialization in the field with high technological opportunity has positive spillover effects.